College costs the same whether the job it leads to still exists in 2031. The AI-Proof Index scores every major family — and every college's degree mix — on how resilient its return on investment is to AI displacement, synthesized from the latest labor-market research.
Health Professions (score 90), Education (76), Transportation and Materials Moving (74), and Engineering (71) are the most AI-proof major families in the index — the only ones graded AI-Secure (score 70 or higher). Scores come from a 3-lens synthesis of 60 verified 2026 claims covering task exposure, observed displacement, entry-level hiring, augmentation upside, human moat, and degree ROI.
Foreign Languages and Literatures (score 23) and English Language and Literature (28) score lowest and are the only families graded High risk. Communications and Journalism (32), Visual and Performing Arts (33), and Liberal Arts and Humanities (37) follow in the Exposed band. Low scores reflect task overlap with frontier models and measurable 2023–26 entry-level hiring damage.
npx serve .) instead of opening the file directly.Thirty major families, scored 0–100. Higher = the degree's ROI is more resilient to AI through ~2035. Click a row for the evidence, the at-risk specialties inside each family, and how three scoring lenses disagreed.
Median earnings four years after a bachelor's degree (College Scorecard, graduates of the indexed colleges) against the AI-proof score. The dangerous quadrant is top-left: majors that pay well today precisely because of tasks AI is learning fastest.
Each college's score is the degree-mix-weighted average of its major-family scores — a measure of what its students study, not of institutional quality. A music conservatory and a nursing school can both be excellent; their graduates face very different AI exposure.
| # | College | AI-proof score | Degree-mix drivers | Median earnings (4 yr) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Thomas Jefferson University Tier 7 · mix coverage 90% | AI-Secure | Health Professions 66%Business / Marketing 8%Architecture 7% | $77k |
| 2 | Franklin W. Olin College of Engineering Tier 4 · mix coverage 100% | AI-Secure | Engineering 100% | $129k |
| 3 | Saint Louis University Tier 6 · mix coverage 70% | Moderate | Health Professions 27%Business / Marketing 17%Biological / Biomedical Sciences 9% | $71k |
| 4 | Rutgers University, Camden Tier 7 · mix coverage 80% | Moderate | Health Professions 31%Business / Marketing 28%Psychology 8% | $74k |
| 5 | University of Alabama at Birmingham Tier 7 · mix coverage 74% | Moderate | Health Professions 21%Business / Marketing 20%Biological / Biomedical Sciences 15% | $55k |
| 6 | Creighton University Tier 7 · mix coverage 88% | Moderate | Health Professions 32%Business / Marketing 24%Biological / Biomedical Sciences 18% | $74k |
| 7 | Colorado School of Mines Tier 6 · mix coverage 100% | Moderate | Engineering 72%Computer / Information Sciences 22%Mathematics / Statistics 3% | $97k |
| 8 | Texas A&M University Tier 6 · mix coverage 62% | Moderate | Engineering 18%Business / Marketing 14%Biological / Biomedical Sciences 9% | $72k |
| 9 | Worcester Polytechnic Institute Tier 6 · mix coverage 96% | Moderate | Engineering 62%Computer / Information Sciences 20%Biological / Biomedical Sciences 6% | $103k |
| 10 | University of Delaware Tier 6 · mix coverage 62% | Moderate | Business / Marketing 21%Health Professions 11%Engineering 10% | $73k |
| 11 | University of Pittsburgh Tier 6 · mix coverage 63% | Moderate | Engineering 12%Business / Marketing 11%Health Professions 11% | $66k |
| 12 | University of Illinois, Chicago Tier 6 · mix coverage 73% | Moderate | Business / Marketing 18%Health Professions 15%Biological / Biomedical Sciences 11% | $69k |
| 13 | Drexel University Tier 6 · mix coverage 77% | Moderate | Engineering 19%Health Professions 18%Business / Marketing 16% | $85k |
| 14 | University of Vermont Tier 6 · mix coverage 57% | Moderate | Natural Resources / Conservation 11%Biological / Biomedical Sciences 11%Health Professions 10% | $62k |
| 15 | University of Kentucky Tier 7 · mix coverage 65% | Moderate | Business / Marketing 22%Health Professions 13%Engineering 9% | $59k |
| 16 | University of Connecticut Tier 6 · mix coverage 66% | Moderate | Social Sciences 13%Health Professions 12%Business / Marketing 12% | $74k |
| 17 | Ohio State University Tier 6 · mix coverage 69% | Moderate | Business / Marketing 21%Engineering 15%Health Professions 11% | $60k |
| 18 | University of Rochester Tier 5 · mix coverage 84% | Moderate | Education 25%Health Professions 14%Business / Marketing 14% | $79k |
| 19 | University of Central Florida Tier 5 · mix coverage 61% | Moderate | Business / Marketing 15%Health Professions 14%Psychology 11% | $58k |
| 20 | Marquette University Tier 7 · mix coverage 77% | Moderate | Business / Marketing 21%Biological / Biomedical Sciences 16%Engineering 13% | $78k |
| 21 | Johns Hopkins University Tier 3 · mix coverage 80% | Moderate | Biological / Biomedical Sciences 26%Engineering 19%Computer / Information Sciences 10% | $88k |
| 22 | University of California, Merced Tier 7 · mix coverage 87% | Moderate | Engineering 24%Psychology 20%Biological / Biomedical Sciences 18% | $64k |
| 23 | Stony Brook University (SUNY) Tier 5 · mix coverage 68% | Moderate | Health Professions 15%Biological / Biomedical Sciences 14%Psychology 12% | $75k |
| 24 | Clemson University Tier 5 · mix coverage 72% | Moderate | Business / Marketing 25%Engineering 18%Biological / Biomedical Sciences 8% | $72k |
| 25 | University of Arizona Tier 7 · mix coverage 53% | Moderate | Business / Marketing 15%Biological / Biomedical Sciences 10%Health Professions 8% | $60k |
| 26 | Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute Tier 6 · mix coverage 83% | Moderate | Engineering 43%Computer / Information Sciences 21%Business / Marketing 6% | $102k |
| 27 | North Carolina State University Tier 5 · mix coverage 69% | Moderate | Engineering 24%Business / Marketing 17%Biological / Biomedical Sciences 10% | $69k |
| 28 | University of South Florida Tier 5 · mix coverage 72% | Moderate | Health Professions 17%Business / Marketing 17%Biological / Biomedical Sciences 12% | $58k |
| 29 | Purdue University Tier 5 · mix coverage 67% | Moderate | Engineering 23%Business / Marketing 16%Computer / Information Sciences 11% | $72k |
| 30 | Auburn University Tier 6 · mix coverage 67% | Moderate | Business / Marketing 26%Engineering 16%Biological / Biomedical Sciences 10% | $65k |
| 31 | Georgia Institute of Technology Tier 4 · mix coverage 92% | Moderate | Engineering 44%Computer / Information Sciences 28%Business / Marketing 9% | $103k |
| 32 | University at Buffalo (SUNY) Tier 7 · mix coverage 71% | Moderate | Business / Marketing 17%Engineering 14%Social Sciences 12% | $71k |
| 33 | Baylor University Tier 6 · mix coverage 73% | Moderate | Business / Marketing 26%Health Professions 20%Biological / Biomedical Sciences 10% | $66k |
| 34 | University of Mississippi Tier 7 · mix coverage 70% | Moderate | Business / Marketing 27%Health Professions 19%Communications / Journalism 9% | $51k |
| 35 | Illinois Institute of Technology Tier 6 · mix coverage 92% | Moderate | Engineering 41%Computer / Information Sciences 28%Architecture 15% | $83k |
| 36 | University of San Francisco Tier 6 · mix coverage 73% | Moderate | Business / Marketing 21%Health Professions 20%Social Sciences 10% | $90k |
| 37 | University of Washington Tier 5 · mix coverage 60% | Moderate | Computer / Information Sciences 12%Biological / Biomedical Sciences 11%Social Sciences 10% | $78k |
| 38 | Iowa State University Tier 7 · mix coverage 64% | Moderate | Engineering 21%Business / Marketing 17%Agriculture 11% | $63k |
| 39 | University of South Carolina Tier 6 · mix coverage 67% | Moderate | Business / Marketing 25%Health Professions 12%Biological / Biomedical Sciences 11% | $62k |
| 40 | New Jersey Institute of Technology Tier 6 · mix coverage 90% | Moderate | Engineering 35%Computer / Information Sciences 30%Engineering Technology 10% | $84k |
| 41 | Duke University Tier 2 · mix coverage 75% | Moderate | Multi/Interdisciplinary Studies 13%Social Sciences 13%Computer / Information Sciences 13% | $98k |
| 42 | Rutgers University, New Brunswick Tier 6 · mix coverage 69% | Moderate | Business / Marketing 21%Computer / Information Sciences 13%Engineering 10% | $74k |
| 43 | Case Western Reserve University Tier 5 · mix coverage 76% | Moderate | Engineering 25%Biological / Biomedical Sciences 19%Computer / Information Sciences 9% | $88k |
| 44 | University of New Hampshire Tier 7 · mix coverage 60% | Moderate | Business / Marketing 20%Biological / Biomedical Sciences 9%Health Professions 9% | $66k |
| 45 | University of Florida Tier 4 · mix coverage 60% | Moderate | Engineering 14%Business / Marketing 12%Biological / Biomedical Sciences 10% | $72k |
| 46 | Loyola University Chicago Tier 6 · mix coverage 71% | Moderate | Business / Marketing 18%Biological / Biomedical Sciences 16%Health Professions 14% | $72k |
| 47 | Binghamton University (SUNY) Tier 5 · mix coverage 71% | Moderate | Biological / Biomedical Sciences 20%Business / Marketing 14%Social Sciences 13% | $81k |
| 48 | University of California, Davis Tier 5 · mix coverage 63% | Moderate | Biological / Biomedical Sciences 19%Social Sciences 13%Psychology 11% | $81k |
| 49 | Arizona State University Tier 7 · mix coverage 60% | Moderate | Business / Marketing 25%Engineering 8%Biological / Biomedical Sciences 8% | $63k |
| 50 | Stevens Institute of Technology Tier 5 · mix coverage 95% | Moderate | Engineering 43%Computer / Information Sciences 24%Business / Marketing 12% | $109k |
| 51 | University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign Tier 5 · mix coverage 59% | Moderate | Engineering 22%Business / Marketing 10%Computer / Information Sciences 8% | $81k |
| 52 | Northeastern University Tier 4 · mix coverage 82% | Moderate | Business / Marketing 22%Engineering 18%Computer / Information Sciences 16% | $93k |
| 53 | University of Iowa Tier 7 · mix coverage 66% | Moderate | Business / Marketing 24%Parks, Recreation / Fitness 10%Health Professions 9% | $65k |
| 54 | Gonzaga University Tier 7 · mix coverage 72% | Moderate | Business / Marketing 27%Biological / Biomedical Sciences 10%Psychology 10% | $79k |
| 55 | Oregon State University Tier 7 · mix coverage 66% | Moderate | Engineering 16%Computer / Information Sciences 16%Business / Marketing 13% | $64k |
| 56 | CUNY City College Tier 6 · mix coverage 71% | Moderate | Psychology 20%Engineering 15%Social Sciences 12% | $66k |
| 57 | Rice University Tier 3 · mix coverage 68% | Moderate | Engineering 17%Biological / Biomedical Sciences 16%Computer / Information Sciences 15% | $90k |
| 58 | California Institute of Technology Tier 2 · mix coverage 100% | Moderate | Computer / Information Sciences 41%Engineering 31%Physical Sciences 14% | $129k |
| 59 | Brigham Young University Tier 6 · mix coverage 57% | Moderate | Business / Marketing 15%Biological / Biomedical Sciences 13%Engineering 8% | $76k |
| 60 | Princeton University Tier 1 · mix coverage 78% | Moderate | Social Sciences 20%Engineering 17%Computer / Information Sciences 16% | $110k |
| 61 | Massachusetts Institute of Technology Tier 1 · mix coverage 95% | Moderate | Engineering 32%Computer / Information Sciences 31%Mathematics / Statistics 11% | $143k |
| 62 | University of Texas at Dallas Tier 6 · mix coverage 81% | Moderate | Computer / Information Sciences 24%Business / Marketing 19%Engineering 11% | $68k |
| 63 | Harvey Mudd College Tier 3 · mix coverage 100% | Moderate | Engineering 30%Multi/Interdisciplinary Studies 27%Computer / Information Sciences 18% | $139k |
| 64 | Lafayette College Tier 5 · mix coverage 83% | Moderate | Social Sciences 30%Engineering 22%Biological / Biomedical Sciences 14% | $91k |
| 65 | Emory University Tier 3 · mix coverage 75% | Moderate | Business / Marketing 25%Biological / Biomedical Sciences 18%Social Sciences 11% | $80k |
| 66 | Cornell University Tier 2 · mix coverage 74% | Moderate | Computer / Information Sciences 18%Business / Marketing 14%Engineering 13% | $104k |
| 67 | Virginia Polytechnic Institute Tier 6 · mix coverage 71% | Moderate | Business / Marketing 22%Engineering 20%Biological / Biomedical Sciences 8% | $82k |
| 68 | George Washington University Tier 5 · mix coverage 78% | Moderate | Social Sciences 32%Health Professions 16%Business / Marketing 14% | $91k |
| 69 | University of Kansas Tier 7 · mix coverage 59% | Moderate | Business / Marketing 21%Engineering 9%Health Professions 9% | $62k |
| 70 | Villanova University Tier 5 · mix coverage 76% | Moderate | Business / Marketing 24%Engineering 15%Social Sciences 11% | $100k |
| 71 | University of Pennsylvania Tier 2 · mix coverage 63% | Moderate | Multi/Interdisciplinary Studies 15%Biological / Biomedical Sciences 13%Social Sciences 11% | $111k |
| 72 | Florida State University Tier 5 · mix coverage 67% | Moderate | Business / Marketing 23%Social Sciences 14%Psychology 8% | $62k |
| 73 | University of California, San Diego Tier 5 · mix coverage 75% | Moderate | Biological / Biomedical Sciences 21%Multi/Interdisciplinary Studies 17%Engineering 12% | $85k |
| 74 | University of Houston Tier 6 · mix coverage 66% | Moderate | Business / Marketing 28%Computer / Information Sciences 10%Psychology 9% | $62k |
| 75 | University of Maryland, College Park Tier 5 · mix coverage 70% | Moderate | Computer / Information Sciences 21%Business / Marketing 12%Social Sciences 12% | $83k |
| 76 | Louisiana State University Tier 6 · mix coverage 63% | Moderate | Business / Marketing 22%Engineering 10%Education 9% | $61k |
| 77 | University of Nebraska-Lincoln Tier 7 · mix coverage 62% | Moderate | Business / Marketing 22%Engineering 10%Agriculture 9% | $57k |
| 78 | University of California, Berkeley Tier 3 · mix coverage 66% | Moderate | Computer / Information Sciences 17%Social Sciences 16%Engineering 13% | $92k |
| 79 | Lehigh University Tier 5 · mix coverage 80% | Moderate | Business / Marketing 27%Engineering 22%Computer / Information Sciences 12% | $106k |
| 80 | University of Miami Tier 5 · mix coverage 70% | Moderate | Business / Marketing 20%Health Professions 15%Biological / Biomedical Sciences 10% | $75k |
| 81 | Bucknell University Tier 5 · mix coverage 81% | Moderate | Social Sciences 21%Engineering 19%Business / Marketing 16% | $94k |
| 82 | University of Tennessee, Knoxville Tier 5 · mix coverage 65% | Moderate | Business / Marketing 28%Engineering 10%Communications / Journalism 7% | $60k |
| 83 | University of Michigan Tier 3 · mix coverage 67% | Moderate | Computer / Information Sciences 16%Engineering 14%Social Sciences 12% | $84k |
| 84 | University of Minnesota, Twin Cities Tier 6 · mix coverage 62% | Moderate | Business / Marketing 13%Biological / Biomedical Sciences 12%Computer / Information Sciences 10% | $69k |
| 85 | University of Alabama Tier 6 · mix coverage 73% | Moderate | Business / Marketing 29%Engineering 10%Communications / Journalism 10% | $59k |
| 86 | Brandeis University Tier 5 · mix coverage 69% | Moderate | Biological / Biomedical Sciences 18%Social Sciences 18%Public Administration / Social Service 9% | $77k |
| 87 | Howard University Tier 5 · mix coverage 68% | Moderate | Business / Marketing 14%Social Sciences 14%Communications / Journalism 11% | $63k |
| 88 | Rochester Institute of Technology Tier 6 · mix coverage 78% | Moderate | Computer / Information Sciences 23%Engineering 20%Visual / Performing Arts 13% | $77k |
| 89 | University of California, Los Angeles Tier 3 · mix coverage 74% | Moderate | Social Sciences 24%Biological / Biomedical Sciences 16%Psychology 12% | $83k |
| 90 | California State University, Long Beach Tier 6 · mix coverage 57% | Moderate | Business / Marketing 16%Visual / Performing Arts 11%Engineering 9% | $64k |
| 91 | Washington University in St. Louis Tier 3 · mix coverage 71% | Moderate | Engineering 14%Biological / Biomedical Sciences 12%Social Sciences 12% | $86k |
| 92 | Rutgers University, Newark Tier 6 · mix coverage 87% | Moderate | Business / Marketing 41%Biological / Biomedical Sciences 14%Psychology 10% | $74k |
| 93 | Haverford College Tier 4 · mix coverage 80% | Moderate | Social Sciences 23%Physical Sciences 19%Biological / Biomedical Sciences 17% | $80k |
| 94 | University of Notre Dame Tier 3 · mix coverage 77% | Moderate | Business / Marketing 25%Engineering 14%Social Sciences 14% | $100k |
| 95 | University of California, Irvine Tier 5 · mix coverage 72% | Moderate | Social Sciences 16%Psychology 13%Business / Marketing 12% | $81k |
| 96 | Davidson College Tier 4 · mix coverage 73% | Moderate | Social Sciences 27%Biological / Biomedical Sciences 17%Psychology 10% | $81k |
| 97 | Bates College Tier 4 · mix coverage 80% | Moderate | Social Sciences 29%Biological / Biomedical Sciences 21%Psychology 11% | $69k |
| 98 | University of California, Riverside Tier 7 · mix coverage 74% | Moderate | Social Sciences 17%Biological / Biomedical Sciences 17%Business / Marketing 15% | $68k |
| 99 | George Mason University Tier 7 · mix coverage 62% | Moderate | Business / Marketing 20%Computer / Information Sciences 13%Homeland Security / Law Enforcement 8% | $76k |
| 100 | Dartmouth College Tier 2 · mix coverage 72% | Moderate | Social Sciences 28%Engineering 17%Computer / Information Sciences 8% | $97k |
| 101 | University of Massachusetts Amherst Tier 6 · mix coverage 58% | Moderate | Business / Marketing 16%Social Sciences 10%Biological / Biomedical Sciences 10% | $72k |
| 102 | University of Colorado Boulder Tier 6 · mix coverage 72% | Moderate | Business / Marketing 17%Engineering 14%Biological / Biomedical Sciences 11% | $70k |
| 103 | Middlebury College Tier 4 · mix coverage 64% | Moderate | Business / Marketing 14%Social Sciences 14%Biological / Biomedical Sciences 10% | $76k |
| 104 | Tulane University Tier 4 · mix coverage 77% | Moderate | Business / Marketing 30%Social Sciences 15%Biological / Biomedical Sciences 10% | $63k |
| 105 | Dickinson College Tier 5 · mix coverage 68% | Moderate | Social Sciences 21%Biological / Biomedical Sciences 16%Business / Marketing 11% | $70k |
| 106 | Carnegie Mellon University Tier 3 · mix coverage 79% | Moderate | Engineering 23%Computer / Information Sciences 17%Mathematics / Statistics 12% | $115k |
| 107 | University of Wisconsin-Madison Tier 5 · mix coverage 55% | Moderate | Business / Marketing 16%Biological / Biomedical Sciences 9%Social Sciences 8% | $74k |
| 108 | Florida International University Tier 6 · mix coverage 64% | Moderate | Business / Marketing 23%Psychology 13%Biological / Biomedical Sciences 9% | $60k |
| 109 | Temple University Tier 7 · mix coverage 61% | Moderate | Business / Marketing 21%Health Professions 10%Communications / Journalism 9% | $64k |
| 110 | University of Maryland, Baltimore County Tier 6 · mix coverage 76% | Moderate | Computer / Information Sciences 26%Biological / Biomedical Sciences 15%Psychology 12% | $70k |
| 111 | Michigan State University Tier 7 · mix coverage 62% | Moderate | Business / Marketing 17%Biological / Biomedical Sciences 14%Communications / Journalism 10% | $67k |
| 112 | Rhodes College Tier 6 · mix coverage 71% | Moderate | Social Sciences 20%Biological / Biomedical Sciences 19%Business / Marketing 12% | $67k |
| 113 | Colgate University Tier 4 · mix coverage 75% | Moderate | Social Sciences 36%Biological / Biomedical Sciences 15%Psychology 8% | $85k |
| 114 | Furman University Tier 6 · mix coverage 62% | Moderate | Social Sciences 14%Parks, Recreation / Fitness 14%Business / Marketing 11% | $69k |
| 115 | Stanford University Tier 1 · mix coverage 76% | Moderate | Computer / Information Sciences 19%Engineering 17%Multi/Interdisciplinary Studies 16% | $124k |
| 116 | College of William & Mary Tier 5 · mix coverage 68% | Moderate | Social Sciences 20%Biological / Biomedical Sciences 15%Business / Marketing 12% | $73k |
| 117 | Trinity University Tier 5 · mix coverage 74% | Moderate | Business / Marketing 26%Biological / Biomedical Sciences 16%Social Sciences 12% | $72k |
| 118 | Colby College Tier 4 · mix coverage 75% | Moderate | Social Sciences 29%Psychology 12%Biological / Biomedical Sciences 12% | $80k |
| 119 | Miami University Tier 6 · mix coverage 63% | Moderate | Business / Marketing 28%Social Sciences 8%Biological / Biomedical Sciences 7% | $55k |
| 120 | Centre College Tier 6 · mix coverage 79% | Moderate | Social Sciences 28%Psychology 16%Biological / Biomedical Sciences 14% | $66k |
| 121 | Colorado College Tier 5 · mix coverage 66% | Moderate | Social Sciences 19%Biological / Biomedical Sciences 17%Visual / Performing Arts 9% | $65k |
| 122 | Pennsylvania State University, University Park Tier 6 · mix coverage 65% | Moderate | Business / Marketing 19%Engineering 14%Computer / Information Sciences 12% | $63k |
| 123 | Carleton College Tier 4 · mix coverage 74% | Moderate | Social Sciences 20%Computer / Information Sciences 16%Physical Sciences 13% | $76k |
| 124 | Smith College Tier 4 · mix coverage 60% | Moderate | Social Sciences 16%Biological / Biomedical Sciences 13%Psychology 10% | $64k |
| 125 | Tufts University Tier 4 · mix coverage 77% | Moderate | Social Sciences 21%Engineering 13%Multi/Interdisciplinary Studies 12% | $83k |
| 126 | Whitman College Tier 5 · mix coverage 80% | Moderate | Social Sciences 25%Biological / Biomedical Sciences 19%Psychology 12% | $68k |
| 127 | University of Texas at Austin Tier 4 · mix coverage 60% | Moderate | Multi/Interdisciplinary Studies 14%Biological / Biomedical Sciences 10%Engineering 10% | $75k |
| 128 | Texas Christian University Tier 6 · mix coverage 73% | Moderate | Business / Marketing 28%Health Professions 13%Communications / Journalism 13% | $68k |
| 129 | University of Oklahoma Tier 7 · mix coverage 63% | Moderate | Business / Marketing 25%Engineering 10%Communications / Journalism 8% | $63k |
| 130 | Pomona College Tier 3 · mix coverage 70% | Moderate | Social Sciences 18%Biological / Biomedical Sciences 16%Computer / Information Sciences 14% | $78k |
| 131 | Bowdoin College Tier 3 · mix coverage 78% | Moderate | Social Sciences 31%Biological / Biomedical Sciences 19%Physical Sciences 9% | $83k |
| 132 | University of San Diego Tier 6 · mix coverage 83% | Moderate | Business / Marketing 39%Biological / Biomedical Sciences 12%Social Sciences 11% | $87k |
| 133 | Brown University Tier 2 · mix coverage 71% | Moderate | Social Sciences 23%Computer / Information Sciences 14%Biological / Biomedical Sciences 12% | $93k |
| 134 | Vanderbilt University Tier 3 · mix coverage 80% | Moderate | Social Sciences 33%Multi/Interdisciplinary Studies 15%Engineering 11% | $92k |
| 135 | Franklin & Marshall College Tier 5 · mix coverage 77% | Moderate | Multi/Interdisciplinary Studies 22%Biological / Biomedical Sciences 15%Business / Marketing 15% | $76k |
| 136 | Columbia University Tier 2 · mix coverage 72% | Moderate | Social Sciences 24%Computer / Information Sciences 17%Engineering 12% | $102k |
| 137 | Yale University Tier 1 · mix coverage 67% | Moderate | Social Sciences 23%Biological / Biomedical Sciences 12%Multi/Interdisciplinary Studies 10% | $101k |
| 138 | Wellesley College Tier 4 · mix coverage 73% | Moderate | Social Sciences 25%Biological / Biomedical Sciences 14%Computer / Information Sciences 12% | $85k |
| 139 | San Diego State University Tier 5 · mix coverage 63% | Moderate | Business / Marketing 27%Psychology 8%Social Sciences 8% | $65k |
| 140 | University of Richmond Tier 4 · mix coverage 79% | Moderate | Business / Marketing 40%Biological / Biomedical Sciences 10%Social Sciences 10% | $76k |
| 141 | St. Olaf College Tier 5 · mix coverage 62% | Moderate | Social Sciences 17%Biological / Biomedical Sciences 12%Visual / Performing Arts 10% | $66k |
| 142 | Amherst College Tier 3 · mix coverage 68% | Moderate | Social Sciences 21%Biological / Biomedical Sciences 16%Computer / Information Sciences 10% | $78k |
| 143 | Santa Clara University Tier 5 · mix coverage 75% | Exposed | Business / Marketing 27%Engineering 15%Social Sciences 11% | $109k |
| 144 | Trinity College Tier 5 · mix coverage 68% | Moderate | Social Sciences 37%Biological / Biomedical Sciences 12%Psychology 10% | $91k |
| 145 | Scripps College Tier 5 · mix coverage 68% | Exposed | Biological / Biomedical Sciences 17%Social Sciences 16%Psychology 12% | $78k |
| 146 | University of Missouri Tier 7 · mix coverage 63% | Exposed | Business / Marketing 18%Area, Ethnic / Gender Studies 16%Health Professions 11% | $63k |
| 147 | Grinnell College Tier 4 · mix coverage 80% | Exposed | Social Sciences 26%Biological / Biomedical Sciences 16%Computer / Information Sciences 14% | $63k |
| 148 | Washington and Lee University Tier 4 · mix coverage 76% | Exposed | Business / Marketing 32%Social Sciences 15%Biological / Biomedical Sciences 10% | $95k |
| 149 | Connecticut College Tier 5 · mix coverage 82% | Exposed | Social Sciences 27%Biological / Biomedical Sciences 22%Psychology 12% | $75k |
| 150 | Northwestern University Tier 3 · mix coverage 72% | Exposed | Engineering 15%Social Sciences 15%Communications / Journalism 14% | $89k |
| 151 | Swarthmore College Tier 3 · mix coverage 69% | Exposed | Social Sciences 24%Computer / Information Sciences 13%Biological / Biomedical Sciences 11% | $80k |
| 152 | University of Chicago Tier 2 · mix coverage 76% | Exposed | Social Sciences 38%Biological / Biomedical Sciences 10%Computer / Information Sciences 9% | $92k |
| 153 | Mount Holyoke College Tier 5 · mix coverage 65% | Exposed | Social Sciences 15%Biological / Biomedical Sciences 14%Visual / Performing Arts 12% | $58k |
| 154 | Harvard University Tier 1 · mix coverage 75% | Exposed | Social Sciences 30%Biological / Biomedical Sciences 12%Mathematics / Statistics 11% | $102k |
| 155 | University at Albany (SUNY) Tier 6 · mix coverage 70% | Exposed | Business / Marketing 15%Social Sciences 14%Computer / Information Sciences 10% | $68k |
| 156 | University of Virginia Tier 4 · mix coverage 59% | Exposed | Liberal Arts / Humanities 15%Social Sciences 12%Engineering 10% | $87k |
| 157 | University of Georgia Tier 5 · mix coverage 64% | Exposed | Business / Marketing 28%Communications / Journalism 9%Biological / Biomedical Sciences 9% | $69k |
| 158 | Barnard College Tier 3 · mix coverage 77% | Exposed | Social Sciences 28%Biological / Biomedical Sciences 15%Psychology 12% | $81k |
| 159 | Vassar College Tier 4 · mix coverage 68% | Exposed | Social Sciences 22%Biological / Biomedical Sciences 18%Visual / Performing Arts 10% | $71k |
| 160 | Boston University Tier 4 · mix coverage 71% | Exposed | Business / Marketing 17%Social Sciences 14%Communications / Journalism 13% | $83k |
| 161 | University of California, Santa Cruz Tier 7 · mix coverage 68% | Exposed | Computer / Information Sciences 16%Biological / Biomedical Sciences 15%Social Sciences 10% | $68k |
| 162 | Claremont McKenna College Tier 3 · mix coverage 82% | Exposed | Social Sciences 44%Multi/Interdisciplinary Studies 15%Biological / Biomedical Sciences 9% | $105k |
| 163 | Wake Forest University Tier 4 · mix coverage 79% | Exposed | Business / Marketing 22%Social Sciences 21%Biological / Biomedical Sciences 9% | $78k |
| 164 | Gettysburg College Tier 5 · mix coverage 77% | Exposed | Social Sciences 27%Biological / Biomedical Sciences 15%Business / Marketing 14% | $72k |
| 165 | Union College Tier 5 · mix coverage 66% | Exposed | Education 13%Business / Marketing 12%Visual / Performing Arts 11% | $89k |
| 166 | Georgetown University Tier 3 · mix coverage 80% | Exposed | Social Sciences 36%Business / Marketing 18%Legal Studies 11% | $103k |
| 167 | College of the Holy Cross Tier 5 · mix coverage 79% | Exposed | Social Sciences 35%Psychology 14%Biological / Biomedical Sciences 11% | $91k |
| 168 | Boston College Tier 4 · mix coverage 80% | Exposed | Business / Marketing 24%Social Sciences 20%Biological / Biomedical Sciences 13% | $104k |
| 169 | Williams College Tier 3 · mix coverage 67% | Exposed | Social Sciences 22%Computer / Information Sciences 11%Biological / Biomedical Sciences 10% | $89k |
| 170 | University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Tier 4 · mix coverage 64% | Exposed | Biological / Biomedical Sciences 15%Social Sciences 14%Business / Marketing 10% | $72k |
| 171 | Macalester College Tier 5 · mix coverage 68% | Exposed | Social Sciences 19%Biological / Biomedical Sciences 13%Multi/Interdisciplinary Studies 12% | $64k |
| 172 | Sewanee: The University of the South Tier 6 · mix coverage 75% | Exposed | Social Sciences 23%Biological / Biomedical Sciences 13%Multi/Interdisciplinary Studies 12% | $65k |
| 173 | University of Denver Tier 7 · mix coverage 80% | Exposed | Business / Marketing 32%Social Sciences 16%Psychology 12% | $71k |
| 174 | Reed College Tier 5 · mix coverage 65% | Exposed | Social Sciences 19%Biological / Biomedical Sciences 16%English Language / Literature 8% | $63k |
| 175 | Hamilton College Tier 4 · mix coverage 71% | Exposed | Social Sciences 29%Biological / Biomedical Sciences 14%Visual / Performing Arts 8% | $78k |
| 176 | University of California, Santa Barbara Tier 5 · mix coverage 73% | Exposed | Social Sciences 27%Biological / Biomedical Sciences 11%Psychology 10% | $75k |
| 177 | Occidental College Tier 5 · mix coverage 73% | Exposed | Social Sciences 23%Visual / Performing Arts 15%Biological / Biomedical Sciences 13% | $76k |
| 178 | Pepperdine University Tier 6 · mix coverage 79% | Exposed | Business / Marketing 28%Communications / Journalism 12%Psychology 11% | $83k |
| 179 | Bryn Mawr College Tier 5 · mix coverage 74% | Exposed | Social Sciences 26%Biological / Biomedical Sciences 17%Multi/Interdisciplinary Studies 9% | $75k |
| 180 | University of Southern California Tier 4 · mix coverage 67% | Exposed | Business / Marketing 23%Visual / Performing Arts 12%Social Sciences 10% | $92k |
| 181 | Yeshiva University Tier 6 · mix coverage 90% | Exposed | Philosophy / Religious Studies 48%Business / Marketing 19%Biological / Biomedical Sciences 7% | $71k |
| 182 | Babson College Tier 4 · mix coverage 100% | Exposed | Business / Marketing 100% | $124k |
| 183 | Elon University Tier 6 · mix coverage 74% | Exposed | Business / Marketing 29%Communications / Journalism 20%Parks, Recreation / Fitness 7% | $75k |
| 184 | Skidmore College Tier 5 · mix coverage 71% | Exposed | Social Sciences 15%Business / Marketing 15%Psychology 13% | $69k |
| 185 | New York University Tier 4 · mix coverage 67% | Exposed | Visual / Performing Arts 16%Social Sciences 13%Business / Marketing 13% | $83k |
| 186 | Wheaton College Tier 7 · mix coverage 62% | Exposed | Social Sciences 19%Business / Marketing 12%Biological / Biomedical Sciences 12% | $64k |
| 187 | Denison University Tier 5 · mix coverage 62% | Exposed | Social Sciences 22%Communications / Journalism 10%Biological / Biomedical Sciences 9% | $68k |
| 188 | Southern Methodist University Tier 5 · mix coverage 70% | Exposed | Business / Marketing 28%Social Sciences 13%Communications / Journalism 9% | $78k |
| 189 | University of Oregon Tier 7 · mix coverage 72% | Exposed | Social Sciences 18%Business / Marketing 17%Communications / Journalism 13% | $61k |
| 190 | Fordham University Tier 5 · mix coverage 73% | Exposed | Business / Marketing 18%Social Sciences 17%Mathematics / Statistics 14% | $86k |
| 191 | Chapman University Tier 6 · mix coverage 77% | Exposed | Business / Marketing 30%Visual / Performing Arts 21%Psychology 8% | $70k |
| 192 | American University Tier 6 · mix coverage 75% | Exposed | Social Sciences 36%Business / Marketing 13%Multi/Interdisciplinary Studies 9% | $77k |
| 193 | Wesleyan University Tier 4 · mix coverage 76% | Exposed | Social Sciences 27%Psychology 13%Visual / Performing Arts 13% | $74k |
| 194 | Syracuse University Tier 5 · mix coverage 65% | Exposed | Communications / Journalism 14%Business / Marketing 14%Social Sciences 13% | $79k |
| 195 | Loyola Marymount University Tier 6 · mix coverage 80% | Exposed | Business / Marketing 28%Visual / Performing Arts 19%Social Sciences 15% | $78k |
| 196 | Indiana University Bloomington Tier 6 · mix coverage 80% | Exposed | Liberal Arts / Humanities 46%Business / Marketing 19%Biological / Biomedical Sciences 5% | $64k |
| 197 | Kenyon College Tier 5 · mix coverage 77% | Exposed | Social Sciences 23%English Language / Literature 15%Biological / Biomedical Sciences 13% | $72k |
| 198 | Oberlin College Tier 5 · mix coverage 72% | Exposed | Visual / Performing Arts 34%Social Sciences 12%Biological / Biomedical Sciences 10% | $58k |
| 199 | Bard College Tier 6 · mix coverage 100% | Exposed | Visual / Performing Arts 26%Liberal Arts / Humanities 25%Social Sciences 22% | $47k |
| 200 | Sarah Lawrence College Tier 6 · mix coverage 100% | Exposed | Liberal Arts / Humanities 100% | $54k |
An experimental synthesis of the 2024–2026 research on AI and graduate labor markets, reduced to one comparable number per major family. Each family is scored on six components, blended into a 0–100 AI-proof score (100 = ROI most resilient through ~2035):
| Component | Weight | Asks |
|---|---|---|
| Task exposure (inverted) | 20% | How much of the work can frontier models already do? |
| Observed displacement (inv.) | 20% | Has measurable labor damage already shown up (2023–26)? |
| Entry-level resilience | 20% | Will the first-rung job still exist in 2030? |
| Augmentation upside | 10% | Does AI raise this profession’s productivity and wages? |
| Human moat | 15% | Licensure, physical presence, care, trust, liability. |
| ROI resilience | 15% | Earnings level, trajectory, and underemployment risk. |
Every family was scored independently through three deliberately different lenses — a cautious empirical labor economist (weights observed payroll and unemployment data over forecasts), a career advisor projecting to a 2031 graduation, and an AI-displacement skeptic (attributes the 2024–26 tech-hiring slump partly to interest rates, overhiring corrections, and offshoring). The published score reconciles the three; rows above show each lens's score so you can see where they disagree.
A college's score is the weighted average of its major-family scores, weighted by the share of degrees it awards in each family (College Scorecard degree-mix data, renormalized over the covered share — the data covers the top majors at each college, typically 55–100% of degrees).
Each major family is scored 0–100; higher means the degree’s return on investment is more resilient to AI displacement through roughly 2035. The score is a weighted blend of six components — task exposure, observed displacement, entry-level resilience, augmentation upside, human moat, and ROI resilience. A college’s score is the degree-mix-weighted mean of its major-family scores.
No. Exposure is not displacement: much of the underlying evidence measures AI usage or task overlap, not realized job loss. Variance inside a family is also large — the same diploma can lead to resilient or at-risk work, so check the at-risk and resilient specialties listed for each family. Treat a low score as a prompt to plan your specific path, not a verdict on the major.
Underlying public data: College Scorecard earnings data, O*NET occupation data, and BLS Occupational Outlook Handbook projections, alongside the research sources listed above. Read more about our data sources and methodology.
College Monte Carlo simulates the entire admissions cycle — your real high school, your real college list, thousands of simulated competitors — to estimate admit odds, cost, and outcomes together.
Sign Up